Objectives To maintain adequate nutrition To achieve and maintain desirable body weight To maintain normal blood sugar levels To prevent, delay or minimize the onset of chronic degenerative complications Diet plays an important role in the treatment of diabetes. The diet may be used alone or in combination with insulin injections or oral hypoglycaemic drugs. The diet plan of an individual is based on height, weight, age, sex, physical activity and nature of diabetes. One should consider the following points while planning a diabetic diet: Determining energy requirements Determining the type of carbohydrates, fibre and food preparations Presence of any other complication such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels etc. In case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, the energy intake is based on needs for normal growth and development, physical activity and maintenance of desirable body weight. In case of non insulin dependant diabetes mellitus, the majority of patients are overweight or obese. Therefore, calorie restriction is required to achieve a desired weight. Type of carbohydrate and amount of fibre: More of carbohydrate must be given as complex starches rather than simple sugars as they breakdown more slowly to release glucose in blood. The presence of fibre in complex carbohydrate like grains, vegetables and other starches slows the glucose absorption. One should emphasise more on the high fibre foods instead of high fibre supplements available in the market. Food groups High fibre foods Low fibre foods Cereals Whole cereals like whole wheat, dalia, whole wheat flour Refined cereals like rice, bread, maida, suji, noodles, macaroni, etc Milk and milk products - Milk and milk products Pulses Whole dals and dals with husk Washed dals Meat, fish and poultry - Eggs, chicken, fish Vegetables Vegetables like peas, beans, lotus stem etc. Vegetables like potato, lauki etc. Fruits Fruits like apple, cherries, pears, peaches, plums, guava etc. Fruit juices and fruits like banana and papaya Fats - Fats Sample diet plan (for NIDDM) Meal Menu Early morning Tea (preferably without sugar) Breakfast Dalia (salted)/ Paneer on toast Tea without sugar Apple Lunch 2 chapatti Channa curry / or any other whole dal Beans sabzi / or any other sabzi (avoid potatoes) Curds / ghia raita Salad Tea Tea Salty biscuits Dinner Vegetable soup / tomato soup / chicken soup 2 chapatti / missi roti (combining wheat flour with channa flour and soya flour) Palak paneer sabzi / paneer bhurji Curds Sample diet plan (for IDDM) Meal Menu Early morning Tea (without sugar) Breakfast Corn flakes Boiled egg Toast Mid-morning Fruit chat Lunch 2 chapatti (add extra chapatti if required) Lobia curry / or any other whole dal Capsicum sabzi / karela / or any other sabzi Curds / raita Salad Tea Tea / milk Vegetable sandwich Dinner 2 chapatti Dry dal Cabbage sabzi / or any other sabzi Salad Bed time Kheer / fruit custard To remember It is important to control the amount and time of food intake. Meals should not be missed. Consider the likes and dislikes of the patient. Try to substitute the craving for sweet by taking some fruit. Foods to be avoided Glucose, sugar, honey, all sweets, chocolates and candies. Foods to be restricted Potatoes, yam, arbi, sweet potatoes, mangoes, grapes, bananas, alcoholic beverages, fried foods, paranthas, poories, pakoras, mathris, deep fried foods, dry fruits, salad oils, cakes and pastries. Foods to be used freely Green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cucumber. radish, soups, buttermilk, tea and coffee without sugar.
If I had a high enough level, I d vote for Rohit s answer. But since I can t, I ll just add this. Have your friend see a Diabetic Nurse Educator or Dietician. She can tell him the best plan for his diabetes, number of carbs he can have etc. It s not wise to totally cut all carbs out of the diet as that can result in an unsafe drop in his blood sugar and possibly blacking out. Since he is also hypertensive, he needs to watch the sodium content in his food.
though diet is planned taking various factore into consideration but still... just avoid all sweets, sugar, jaggery, glucose, jams, jellies, cakes, pastries, chocolates, candies, squah and sherbets, soft drinks and sweetened fruit juices. avoid all pickles, red meats, smoked meats, table salt, papads, mango pana, chutneys, bakery items as it contains baking powder, soda bi carb (cooking soda) all preserved foods, canned fruits and vegetables. never to use Lona salt, salted butter, salted peanuts, salted pop corns, potato wafers. avoid all fast foods, creams, ice creams, fried foods, dried fruits : nuts can be taken in moderation...10-12 almonds, cashews, 2-3 wall nuts but apricots, raisins, figs etc must be avoided as they are concentrated source of sugar. avoid food item made from refined flour. have whole wheat flour and its products. rice can be taken into moderation. 3/4th cup at a time. fresh fruits can be taken 1-2 nos but avoid banana, mango, grapes. always avoid fully ripe fruits. fresh vegetable salad, clear vegetable soups, green leafy vegetables (it lowers blood sugar, cholesterol and maintain blood pressure), thin butter milk can be taken freely. have sprouts and legumes (kidney beans, chick peas, grams) at least thrice a week. dietary fiber is very important to tey to have fruits with skin whenever possible like apples, pears, peaches, guava etc, whole wheat flour, dhal with skins. can always use lime to enhance the flavour of the food. artificial sweetner can be used to avoid cravings for the sweets / dessets some times. will suggest to use it regularly. can have lean meat, chicken, eggs, fish not more than twice a week and cooked with out oil (steamed/ boiled. baked). can use all spices, seasoning as per taste freely. fat free milk and milk products, cheese (paneer) avoid processed cheese on a regular basis. must have 8-10 glasses of water every day. along with diet proper medication and exercise is equally important to keep every thing under control. if diabetes and blood pressure in not kept under controlled then soon it will damage the kidneys so always follow a strict diet and timely medication. if kidneys got damaged then only dialysis will be the option left. also there is a saying quot;prevention is better than curequot;. its just a warning. a healthy life is possible by making little changes in our lifestyle which is very important. nothing is impossible but needs our sincere efforts to reach our goal. he can take 1/2 teaspoon of fenugreek seeds(methi dana) soaked or powdered the way he can take but it should not be taken empty stomach. always with or before meals. it helps in maintaining blood sugar and cholesterol, B.P. always have 4-5 small meals. always avoid heavy meals. or else have all your salad or half of the salad before starting your meal. have fruit in between meals to avoid hunger pangs. also he can have roasted grams, puffed rice with lots of fresh salad and lime to taste. never to skip any meals. go for a regular exercise as per your doctors advice to keep diabetes, blood pressure and cardiac problems under control. but avoid exposure to severe cold in winters. always go around sunrise for a walk. brisk walk is the best. also do pranayam regularly along with yoga as it can be done inside in the winters, if doctor advices for cardio exercise he can go to gym but a proper trained physical trainer is must and very important. avoid over stressing. watch your weight regularly and must be kept under control. no alcohol and no smoking. total fat per day = 2-3 teaspoons (any oil preferably mustard, sun flower, soya bean or saffolla corn oil + rice bran oil) little ghee or butter can be taken. ... good luck !!!
No rice. No sugar. No chapati or nan. Cut out the carbs. Brown rice, breads with whole wheat flour, only. Buy a sugar substitute.
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